
The diagnosis of ATN is supported by his oliguria, azotemia, and urinary granular casts.
This was most likely due to severe renal ischemia due to impaired cardiac output.
E- Six weeks ago, this patient developed acute renal failure and ischemia-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the setting of cardiac arrest due to underlying coronary artery disease. The lower end of the confidence interval is thus 130 – (1.96 x 5), which equals 120.2, and the higher end of the confidence interval is 130 + (1.96 x 5) which equals 139.8.
B- The formula for a 95% confidence interval for data that follow a normal distribution is x̅ +/- (1.96 x Standard Error), where x̅ is the mean.